251    { "send", 0, "outputs" },
252    { "send", 1, "conf_target" },
253    { "send", 3, "fee_rate"},
254    { "send", 4, "options" },
255    { "send", 4, "add_inputs"},
256    { "send", 4, "include_unsafe"},
257    { "send", 4, "minconf"},
258    { "send", 4, "maxconf"},
259    { "send", 4, "add_to_wallet"},
260    { "send", 4, "change_position"},
261    { "send", 4, "fee_rate"},
262    { "send", 4, "include_watching"},
263    { "send", 4, "inputs"},
264    { "send", 4, "locktime"},
265    { "send", 4, "lock_unspents"},
266    { "send", 4, "psbt"},
267    { "send", 4, "subtract_fee_from_outputs"},
268    { "send", 4, "conf_target"},
269    { "send", 4, "replaceable"},
270    { "send", 4, "solving_data"},
271    { "send", 4, "max_tx_weight"},
272    { "send", 5, "version"},
273    { "sendall", 0, "recipients" },
274    { "sendall", 1, "conf_target" },
275    { "sendall", 3, "fee_rate"},
276    { "sendall", 4, "options" },
277    { "sendall", 4, "add_to_wallet"},
278    { "sendall", 4, "fee_rate"},
279    { "sendall", 4, "include_watching"},
280    { "sendall", 4, "inputs"},
281    { "sendall", 4, "locktime"},
282    { "sendall", 4, "lock_unspents"},
283    { "sendall", 4, "psbt"},
284    { "sendall", 4, "send_max"},
285    { "sendall", 4, "minconf"},
286    { "sendall", 4, "maxconf"},
287    { "sendall", 4, "conf_target"},
288    { "sendall", 4, "replaceable"},
289    { "sendall", 4, "solving_data"},
290    { "sendall", 4, "version"},
291    { "simulaterawtransaction", 0, "rawtxs" },
292    { "simulaterawtransaction", 1, "options" },
293    { "simulaterawtransaction", 1, "include_watchonly"},
294    { "importmempool", 0, "filepath", ParamFormat::STRING },
295    { "importmempool", 1, "options" },
296    { "importmempool", 1, "apply_fee_delta_priority" },
297    { "importmempool", 1, "use_current_time" },
298    { "importmempool", 1, "apply_unbroadcast_set" },
299    { "importdescriptors", 0, "requests" },
300    { "listdescriptors", 0, "private" },
301    { "verifychain", 0, "checklevel" },
302    { "verifychain", 1, "nblocks" },
303    { "getblockstats", 0, "hash_or_height", ParamFormat::JSON_OR_STRING },
304    { "getblockstats", 1, "stats" },
305    { "pruneblockchain", 0, "height" },
306    { "keypoolrefill", 0, "newsize" },
307    { "getrawmempool", 0, "verbose" },
308    { "getrawmempool", 1, "mempool_sequence" },
309    { "getorphantxs", 0, "verbosity" },
310    { "estimatesmartfee", 0, "conf_target" },
311    { "estimatesmartfee", 2, "options" },
312    { "estimaterawfee", 0, "conf_target" },
313    { "estimaterawfee", 1, "threshold" },
314    { "prioritisetransaction", 1, "dummy" },
315    { "prioritisetransaction", 2, "fee_delta" },
316    { "setban", 2, "bantime" },
317    { "setban", 3, "absolute" },
318    { "setnetworkactive", 0, "state" },
319    { "setwalletflag", 1, "value" },
320    { "getmempoolancestors", 1, "verbose" },
321    { "getmempooldescendants", 1, "verbose" },
322    { "gettxspendingprevout", 0, "outputs" },
323    { "gettxspendingprevout", 1, "options" },
324    { "gettxspendingprevout", 1, "mempool_only" },
325    { "gettxspendingprevout", 1, "return_spending_tx" },
326    { "bumpfee", 1, "options" },
327    { "bumpfee", 1, "conf_target"},
328    { "bumpfee", 1, "fee_rate"},
329    { "bumpfee", 1, "replaceable"},
330    { "bumpfee", 1, "outputs"},
331    { "bumpfee", 1, "original_change_index"},
332    { "psbtbumpfee", 1, "options" },
333    { "psbtbumpfee", 1, "conf_target"},
334    { "psbtbumpfee", 1, "fee_rate"},
335    { "psbtbumpfee", 1, "replaceable"},
336    { "psbtbumpfee", 1, "outputs"},
337    { "psbtbumpfee", 1, "original_change_index"},
338    { "psbtbumpfee", 1, "psbt_version"},
339    { "logging", 0, "include" },
340    { "logging", 1, "exclude" },
341    { "disconnectnode", 1, "nodeid" },
342    { "getopenrpcinfo", 0, "show_hidden" },
343    { "gethdkeys", 0, "active_only" },
344    { "gethdkeys", 0, "options" },
345    { "gethdkeys", 0, "private" },
346    { "derivehdkey", 1, "options" },
347    { "derivehdkey", 1, "private" },
348    { "createwalletdescriptor", 1, "options" },
349    { "createwalletdescriptor", 1, "internal" },
350    // Echo with conversion (For testing only)
351    { "echojson", 0, "arg0" },
352    { "echojson", 1, "arg1" },
353    { "echojson", 2, "arg2" },
354    { "echojson", 3, "arg3" },
355    { "echojson", 4, "arg4" },
356    { "echojson", 5, "arg5" },
357    { "echojson", 6, "arg6" },
358    { "echojson", 7, "arg7" },
359    { "echojson", 8, "arg8" },
360    { "echojson", 9, "arg9" },
361    { "rescanblockchain", 0, "start_height"},
362    { "rescanblockchain", 1, "stop_height"},
363    { "createwallet", 0, "wallet_name", ParamFormat::STRING },
364    { "createwallet", 1, "disable_private_keys"},
365    { "createwallet", 2, "blank"},
366    { "createwallet", 3, "passphrase", ParamFormat::STRING },
367    { "createwallet", 4, "avoid_reuse"},
368    { "createwallet", 5, "descriptors"},
369    { "createwallet", 6, "load_on_startup"},
370    { "createwallet", 7, "external_signer"},
371    { "restorewallet", 0, "wallet_name", ParamFormat::STRING },
372    { "restorewallet", 1, "backup_file", ParamFormat::STRING },
373    { "restorewallet", 2, "load_on_startup"},
374    { "loadwallet", 0, "filename", ParamFormat::STRING },
375    { "loadwallet", 1, "load_on_startup"},
376    { "unloadwallet", 0, "wallet_name", ParamFormat::STRING },
377    { "unloadwallet", 1, "load_on_startup"},
378    { "getnodeaddresses", 0, "count"},
379    { "addpeeraddress", 1, "port"},
380    { "addpeeraddress", 2, "tried"},
381    { "sendmsgtopeer", 0, "peer_id" },
382    { "stop", 0, "wait" },
383    { "addnode", 2, "v2transport" },
384    { "addconnection", 2, "v2transport" },
385    { "decodepsbt", 0, "psbt", ParamFormat::STRING },
386    { "analyzepsbt", 0, "psbt", ParamFormat::STRING},
387    { "verifymessage", 1, "signature", ParamFormat::STRING },
388    { "verifymessage", 2, "message", ParamFormat::STRING },
389    { "getnewaddress", 0, "label", ParamFormat::STRING },
390    { "getnewaddress", 1, "address_type", ParamFormat::STRING },
391    { "backupwallet", 0, "destination", ParamFormat::STRING },
392    { "echoipc", 0, "arg", ParamFormat::STRING },
393    { "encryptwallet", 0, "passphrase", ParamFormat::STRING },
394    { "getaddressesbylabel", 0, "label", ParamFormat::STRING },
395    { "loadtxoutset", 0, "path", ParamFormat::STRING },
396    { "migratewallet", 0, "wallet_name", ParamFormat::STRING },
397    { "migratewallet", 1, "passphrase", ParamFormat::STRING },
398    { "migratewallet", 2, "load_wallet"},
399    { "setlabel", 1, "label", ParamFormat::STRING },
400    { "signmessage", 1, "message", ParamFormat::STRING },
401    { "signmessagewithprivkey", 1, "message", ParamFormat::STRING },
402    { "walletpassphrasechange", 0, "oldpassphrase", ParamFormat::STRING },
403    { "walletpassphrasechange", 1, "newpassphrase", ParamFormat::STRING },
404};
405// clang-format on
406
407/** Parse string to UniValue or throw runtime_error if string contains invalid JSON */
408static UniValue Parse(std::string_view raw, ParamFormat format = ParamFormat::JSON)
409{
410    UniValue parsed;
411    if (!parsed.read(raw)) {
412        if (format != ParamFormat::JSON_OR_STRING) throw std::runtime_error(tfm::format("Error parsing JSON: %s", raw));
413        return UniValue(std::string(raw));
414    }
415    return parsed;
416}
417
418namespace rpc_convert
419{
420const CRPCConvertParam* FromPosition(std::string_view method, size_t pos)
421{
422    auto it = std::ranges::find_if(vRPCConvertParams, [&](const auto& p) {
423        return p.methodName == method && p.paramIdx == static_cast<int>(pos);
424    });
425
426    return it == std::end(vRPCConvertParams) ? nullptr : &*it;
427}
428
429const CRPCConvertParam* FromName(std::string_view method, std::string_view name)
430{
431    auto it = std::ranges::find_if(vRPCConvertParams, [&](const auto& p) {
432        return p.methodName == method && p.paramName == name;
433    });
434
435    return it == std::end(vRPCConvertParams) ? nullptr : &*it;
436}
437} // namespace rpc_convert
438
439static UniValue ParseParam(const CRPCConvertParam* param, std::string_view raw)
440{
441    // Only parse parameters which have the JSON or JSON_OR_STRING format; otherwise, treat them as strings.
442    return (param && (param->format == ParamFormat::JSON || param->format == ParamFormat::JSON_OR_STRING)) ? Parse(raw, param->format) : UniValue(std::string(raw));
443}
444
445/**
446 * Convert command lines arguments to params object when -named is disabled.
447 */
448UniValue RPCConvertValues(const std::string &strMethod, const std::vector<std::string> &strParams)
449{
450    UniValue params(UniValue::VARR);
451
452    for (std::string_view s : strParams) {
453        params.push_back(ParseParam(rpc_convert::FromPosition(strMethod, params.size()), s));
454    }
455
456    return params;
457}
458
459/**
460 * Convert command line arguments to params object when -named is enabled.
461 *
462 * The -named syntax accepts named arguments in NAME=VALUE format, as well as
463 * positional arguments without names. The syntax is inherently ambiguous if
464 * names are omitted and values contain '=', so a heuristic is used to
465 * disambiguate:
466 *
467 * - Arguments that do not contain '=' are treated as positional parameters.
468 *
469 * - Arguments that do contain '=' are assumed to be named parameters in
470 *   NAME=VALUE format except for two special cases:
471 *
472 *   1. The case where NAME is not a known parameter name, and the next
473 *      positional parameter requires a JSON value, and the argument parses as
474 *      JSON. E.g. ["list", "with", "="].
475 *
476 *   2. The case where NAME is not a known parameter name and the next
477 *      positional parameter requires a string value. E.g. "my=wallet".
478 *
479 * For example, the command `bitcoin-cli -named createwallet "my=wallet"`,
480 * the parser initially sees "my=wallet" and attempts to process it as a
481 * parameter named "my". When it finds that "my" is not a valid named parameter
482 * parameter for this method, it falls back to checking the rule for the
483 * next available positional parameter (index 0). Because it finds the rule
484 * that this parameter is a ParamFormat::STRING, it correctly treats the entire
485 * "my=wallet" as a single positional string, successfully creating a
486 * wallet with that literal name.
487 */
488UniValue RPCConvertNamedValues(const std::string &strMethod, const std::vector<std::string> &strParams)
489{
490    UniValue params(UniValue::VOBJ);
491    UniValue positional_args{UniValue::VARR};
492
493    for (std::string_view s: strParams) {
494        size_t pos = s.find('=');
495        if (pos == std::string_view::npos) {
496            positional_args.push_back(ParseParam(rpc_convert::FromPosition(strMethod, positional_args.size()), s));
497            continue;
498        }
499
500        std::string name{s.substr(0, pos)};