Inside Bitcoin
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Inside Bitcoin
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The code behind the network, with room to understand it.
Release published 2026-10-28 · Snapshot fetched 2026-11-01. Latest stable release at fetch time; development branches and Git history are excluded. Only the selected code window and visible folders load here.
1// Copyright (c) 2013-present The Bitcoin Core developers2// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying3// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.5#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>7#include <clientversion.h>8#include <key.h>9#include <key_io.h>10#include <streams.h>11#include <test/util/setup_common.h>12#include <util/bip32.h>13#include <util/strencodings.h>15#include <string>16#include <vector>18namespace {20struct TestDerivation {21std::string pub;22std::string prv;23unsigned int nChild;24};26struct TestVector {27std::string strHexMaster;28std::vector<TestDerivation> vDerive;30explicit TestVector(std::string strHexMasterIn) : strHexMaster(strHexMasterIn) {}32TestVector& operator()(std::string pub, std::string prv, unsigned int nChild) {33vDerive.emplace_back();34TestDerivation &der = vDerive.back();35der.pub = pub;36der.prv = prv;37der.nChild = nChild;38return *this;39}40};42TestVector test1 =43TestVector("000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f")44("xpub661MyMwAqRbcFtXgS5sYJABqqG9YLmC4Q1Rdap9gSE8NqtwybGhePY2gZ29ESFjqJoCu1Rupje8YtGqsefD265TMg7usUDFdp6W1EGMcet8",45"xprv9s21ZrQH143K3QTDL4LXw2F7HEK3wJUD2nW2nRk4stbPy6cq3jPPqjiChkVvvNKmPGJxWUtg6LnF5kejMRNNU3TGtRBeJgk33yuGBxrMPHi",46BIP32_HARDENED_FLAG)47("xpub68Gmy5EdvgibQVfPdqkBBCHxA5htiqg55crXYuXoQRKfDBFA1WEjWgP6LHhwBZeNK1VTsfTFUHCdrfp1bgwQ9xv5ski8PX9rL2dZXvgGDnw",48"xprv9uHRZZhk6KAJC1avXpDAp4MDc3sQKNxDiPvvkX8Br5ngLNv1TxvUxt4cV1rGL5hj6KCesnDYUhd7oWgT11eZG7XnxHrnYeSvkzY7d2bhkJ7",491)50("xpub6ASuArnXKPbfEwhqN6e3mwBcDTgzisQN1wXN9BJcM47sSikHjJf3UFHKkNAWbWMiGj7Wf5uMash7SyYq527Hqck2AxYysAA7xmALppuCkwQ",51"xprv9wTYmMFdV23N2TdNG573QoEsfRrWKQgWeibmLntzniatZvR9BmLnvSxqu53Kw1UmYPxLgboyZQaXwTCg8MSY3H2EU4pWcQDnRnrVA1xe8fs",52BIP32_HARDENED_FLAG | 2)53("xpub6D4BDPcP2GT577Vvch3R8wDkScZWzQzMMUm3PWbmWvVJrZwQY4VUNgqFJPMM3No2dFDFGTsxxpG5uJh7n7epu4trkrX7x7DogT5Uv6fcLW5",54"xprv9z4pot5VBttmtdRTWfWQmoH1taj2axGVzFqSb8C9xaxKymcFzXBDptWmT7FwuEzG3ryjH4ktypQSAewRiNMjANTtpgP4mLTj34bhnZX7UiM",552)56("xpub6FHa3pjLCk84BayeJxFW2SP4XRrFd1JYnxeLeU8EqN3vDfZmbqBqaGJAyiLjTAwm6ZLRQUMv1ZACTj37sR62cfN7fe5JnJ7dh8zL4fiyLHV",57"xprvA2JDeKCSNNZky6uBCviVfJSKyQ1mDYahRjijr5idH2WwLsEd4Hsb2Tyh8RfQMuPh7f7RtyzTtdrbdqqsunu5Mm3wDvUAKRHSC34sJ7in334",581000000000)59("xpub6H1LXWLaKsWFhvm6RVpEL9P4KfRZSW7abD2ttkWP3SSQvnyA8FSVqNTEcYFgJS2UaFcxupHiYkro49S8yGasTvXEYBVPamhGW6cFJodrTHy",60"xprvA41z7zogVVwxVSgdKUHDy1SKmdb533PjDz7J6N6mV6uS3ze1ai8FHa8kmHScGpWmj4WggLyQjgPie1rFSruoUihUZREPSL39UNdE3BBDu76",610);63TestVector test2 =64TestVector("fffcf9f6f3f0edeae7e4e1dedbd8d5d2cfccc9c6c3c0bdbab7b4b1aeaba8a5a29f9c999693908d8a8784817e7b7875726f6c696663605d5a5754514e4b484542")65("xpub661MyMwAqRbcFW31YEwpkMuc5THy2PSt5bDMsktWQcFF8syAmRUapSCGu8ED9W6oDMSgv6Zz8idoc4a6mr8BDzTJY47LJhkJ8UB7WEGuduB",66"xprv9s21ZrQH143K31xYSDQpPDxsXRTUcvj2iNHm5NUtrGiGG5e2DtALGdso3pGz6ssrdK4PFmM8NSpSBHNqPqm55Qn3LqFtT2emdEXVYsCzC2U",670)68("xpub69H7F5d8KSRgmmdJg2KhpAK8SR3DjMwAdkxj3ZuxV27CprR9LgpeyGmXUbC6wb7ERfvrnKZjXoUmmDznezpbZb7ap6r1D3tgFxHmwMkQTPH",69"xprv9vHkqa6EV4sPZHYqZznhT2NPtPCjKuDKGY38FBWLvgaDx45zo9WQRUT3dKYnjwih2yJD9mkrocEZXo1ex8G81dwSM1fwqWpWkeS3v86pgKt",700xFFFFFFFF)71("xpub6ASAVgeehLbnwdqV6UKMHVzgqAG8Gr6riv3Fxxpj8ksbH9ebxaEyBLZ85ySDhKiLDBrQSARLq1uNRts8RuJiHjaDMBU4Zn9h8LZNnBC5y4a",72"xprv9wSp6B7kry3Vj9m1zSnLvN3xH8RdsPP1Mh7fAaR7aRLcQMKTR2vidYEeEg2mUCTAwCd6vnxVrcjfy2kRgVsFawNzmjuHc2YmYRmagcEPdU9",731)74("xpub6DF8uhdarytz3FWdA8TvFSvvAh8dP3283MY7p2V4SeE2wyWmG5mg5EwVvmdMVCQcoNJxGoWaU9DCWh89LojfZ537wTfunKau47EL2dhHKon",75"xprv9zFnWC6h2cLgpmSA46vutJzBcfJ8yaJGg8cX1e5StJh45BBciYTRXSd25UEPVuesF9yog62tGAQtHjXajPPdbRCHuWS6T8XA2ECKADdw4Ef",760xFFFFFFFE)77("xpub6ERApfZwUNrhLCkDtcHTcxd75RbzS1ed54G1LkBUHQVHQKqhMkhgbmJbZRkrgZw4koxb5JaHWkY4ALHY2grBGRjaDMzQLcgJvLJuZZvRcEL",78"xprvA1RpRA33e1JQ7ifknakTFpgNXPmW2YvmhqLQYMmrj4xJXXWYpDPS3xz7iAxn8L39njGVyuoseXzU6rcxFLJ8HFsTjSyQbLYnMpCqE2VbFWc",792)80("xpub6FnCn6nSzZAw5Tw7cgR9bi15UV96gLZhjDstkXXxvCLsUXBGXPdSnLFbdpq8p9HmGsApME5hQTZ3emM2rnY5agb9rXpVGyy3bdW6EEgAtqt",81"xprvA2nrNbFZABcdryreWet9Ea4LvTJcGsqrMzxHx98MMrotbir7yrKCEXw7nadnHM8Dq38EGfSh6dqA9QWTyefMLEcBYJUuekgW4BYPJcr9E7j",820);84TestVector test3 =85TestVector("4b381541583be4423346c643850da4b320e46a87ae3d2a4e6da11eba819cd4acba45d239319ac14f863b8d5ab5a0d0c64d2e8a1e7d1457df2e5a3c51c73235be")86("xpub661MyMwAqRbcEZVB4dScxMAdx6d4nFc9nvyvH3v4gJL378CSRZiYmhRoP7mBy6gSPSCYk6SzXPTf3ND1cZAceL7SfJ1Z3GC8vBgp2epUt13",87"xprv9s21ZrQH143K25QhxbucbDDuQ4naNntJRi4KUfWT7xo4EKsHt2QJDu7KXp1A3u7Bi1j8ph3EGsZ9Xvz9dGuVrtHHs7pXeTzjuxBrCmmhgC6",88BIP32_HARDENED_FLAG)89("xpub68NZiKmJWnxxS6aaHmn81bvJeTESw724CRDs6HbuccFQN9Ku14VQrADWgqbhhTHBaohPX4CjNLf9fq9MYo6oDaPPLPxSb7gwQN3ih19Zm4Y",90"xprv9uPDJpEQgRQfDcW7BkF7eTya6RPxXeJCqCJGHuCJ4GiRVLzkTXBAJMu2qaMWPrS7AANYqdq6vcBcBUdJCVVFceUvJFjaPdGZ2y9WACViL4L",910);93TestVector test4 =94TestVector("3ddd5602285899a946114506157c7997e5444528f3003f6134712147db19b678")95("xpub661MyMwAqRbcGczjuMoRm6dXaLDEhW1u34gKenbeYqAix21mdUKJyuyu5F1rzYGVxyL6tmgBUAEPrEz92mBXjByMRiJdba9wpnN37RLLAXa",96"xprv9s21ZrQH143K48vGoLGRPxgo2JNkJ3J3fqkirQC2zVdk5Dgd5w14S7fRDyHH4dWNHUgkvsvNDCkvAwcSHNAQwhwgNMgZhLtQC63zxwhQmRv",97BIP32_HARDENED_FLAG)98("xpub69AUMk3qDBi3uW1sXgjCmVjJ2G6WQoYSnNHyzkmdCHEhSZ4tBok37xfFEqHd2AddP56Tqp4o56AePAgCjYdvpW2PU2jbUPFKsav5ut6Ch1m",99"xprv9vB7xEWwNp9kh1wQRfCCQMnZUEG21LpbR9NPCNN1dwhiZkjjeGRnaALmPXCX7SgjFTiCTT6bXes17boXtjq3xLpcDjzEuGLQBM5ohqkao9G",100BIP32_HARDENED_FLAG | 1)101("xpub6BJA1jSqiukeaesWfxe6sNK9CCGaujFFSJLomWHprUL9DePQ4JDkM5d88n49sMGJxrhpjazuXYWdMf17C9T5XnxkopaeS7jGk1GyyVziaMt",102"xprv9xJocDuwtYCMNAo3Zw76WENQeAS6WGXQ55RCy7tDJ8oALr4FWkuVoHJeHVAcAqiZLE7Je3vZJHxspZdFHfnBEjHqU5hG1Jaj32dVoS6XLT1",1030);105const std::vector<std::string> TEST5 = {106"xpub661MyMwAqRbcEYS8w7XLSVeEsBXy79zSzH1J8vCdxAZningWLdN3zgtU6LBpB85b3D2yc8sfvZU521AAwdZafEz7mnzBBsz4wKY5fTtTQBm",107"xprv9s21ZrQH143K24Mfq5zL5MhWK9hUhhGbd45hLXo2Pq2oqzMMo63oStZzFGTQQD3dC4H2D5GBj7vWvSQaaBv5cxi9gafk7NF3pnBju6dwKvH",108"xpub661MyMwAqRbcEYS8w7XLSVeEsBXy79zSzH1J8vCdxAZningWLdN3zgtU6Txnt3siSujt9RCVYsx4qHZGc62TG4McvMGcAUjeuwZdduYEvFn",109"xprv9s21ZrQH143K24Mfq5zL5MhWK9hUhhGbd45hLXo2Pq2oqzMMo63oStZzFGpWnsj83BHtEy5Zt8CcDr1UiRXuWCmTQLxEK9vbz5gPstX92JQ",110"xpub661MyMwAqRbcEYS8w7XLSVeEsBXy79zSzH1J8vCdxAZningWLdN3zgtU6N8ZMMXctdiCjxTNq964yKkwrkBJJwpzZS4HS2fxvyYUA4q2Xe4",111"xprv9s21ZrQH143K24Mfq5zL5MhWK9hUhhGbd45hLXo2Pq2oqzMMo63oStZzFAzHGBP2UuGCqWLTAPLcMtD9y5gkZ6Eq3Rjuahrv17fEQ3Qen6J",112"xprv9s2SPatNQ9Vc6GTbVMFPFo7jsaZySyzk7L8n2uqKXJen3KUmvQNTuLh3fhZMBoG3G4ZW1N2kZuHEPY53qmbZzCHshoQnNf4GvELZfqTUrcv",113"xpub661no6RGEX3uJkY4bNnPcw4URcQTrSibUZ4NqJEw5eBkv7ovTwgiT91XX27VbEXGENhYRCf7hyEbWrR3FewATdCEebj6znwMfQkhRYHRLpJ",114"xprv9s21ZrQH4r4TsiLvyLXqM9P7k1K3EYhA1kkD6xuquB5i39AU8KF42acDyL3qsDbU9NmZn6MsGSUYZEsuoePmjzsB3eFKSUEh3Gu1N3cqVUN",115"xpub661MyMwAuDcm6CRQ5N4qiHKrJ39Xe1R1NyfouMKTTWcguwVcfrZJaNvhpebzGerh7gucBvzEQWRugZDuDXjNDRmXzSZe4c7mnTK97pTvGS8",116"DMwo58pR1QLEFihHiXPVykYB6fJmsTeHvyTp7hRThAtCX8CvYzgPcn8XnmdfHGMQzT7ayAmfo4z3gY5KfbrZWZ6St24UVf2Qgo6oujFktLHdHY4",117"DMwo58pR1QLEFihHiXPVykYB6fJmsTeHvyTp7hRThAtCX8CvYzgPcn8XnmdfHPmHJiEDXkTiJTVV9rHEBUem2mwVbbNfvT2MTcAqj3nesx8uBf9",118"xprv9s21ZrQH143K24Mfq5zL5MhWK9hUhhGbd45hLXo2Pq2oqzMMo63oStZzF93Y5wvzdUayhgkkFoicQZcP3y52uPPxFnfoLZB21Teqt1VvEHx",119"xprv9s21ZrQH143K24Mfq5zL5MhWK9hUhhGbd45hLXo2Pq2oqzMMo63oStZzFAzHGBP2UuGCqWLTAPLcMtD5SDKr24z3aiUvKr9bJpdrcLg1y3G",120"xpub661MyMwAqRbcEYS8w7XLSVeEsBXy79zSzH1J8vCdxAZningWLdN3zgtU6Q5JXayek4PRsn35jii4veMimro1xefsM58PgBMrvdYre8QyULY",121"xprv9s21ZrQH143K3QTDL4LXw2F7HEK3wJUD2nW2nRk4stbPy6cq3jPPqjiChkVvvNKmPGJxWUtg6LnF5kejMRNNU3TGtRBeJgk33yuGBxrMPHL"122};124void RunTest(const TestVector& test)125{126std::vector<std::byte> seed{ParseHex<std::byte>(test.strHexMaster)};127CExtKey key;128CExtPubKey pubkey;129key.SetSeed(seed);130pubkey = key.Neuter();131for (const TestDerivation &derive : test.vDerive) {132unsigned char data[74];133key.Encode(data);134pubkey.Encode(data);136// Test private key137BOOST_CHECK(EncodeExtKey(key) == derive.prv);138BOOST_CHECK(DecodeExtKey(derive.prv) == key); //ensure a base58 decoded key also matches140// Test public key141BOOST_CHECK(EncodeExtPubKey(pubkey) == derive.pub);142BOOST_CHECK(DecodeExtPubKey(derive.pub) == pubkey); //ensure a base58 decoded pubkey also matches144// Derive new keys145CExtKey keyNew;146BOOST_CHECK(key.Derive(keyNew, derive.nChild));147CExtPubKey pubkeyNew = keyNew.Neuter();148if (!(derive.nChild & BIP32_HARDENED_FLAG)) {149// Compare with public derivation150CExtPubKey pubkeyNew2;151BOOST_CHECK(pubkey.Derive(pubkeyNew2, derive.nChild));152BOOST_CHECK(pubkeyNew == pubkeyNew2);153}154key = keyNew;155pubkey = pubkeyNew;156}157}159} // namespace161BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_SUITE(bip32_tests, BasicTestingSetup)163BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip32_test1) {164RunTest(test1);165}167BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip32_test2) {168RunTest(test2);169}171BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip32_test3) {172RunTest(test3);173}175BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip32_test4) {176RunTest(test4);177}179BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip32_test5) {180for (const auto& str : TEST5) {181auto dec_extkey = DecodeExtKey(str);182auto dec_extpubkey = DecodeExtPubKey(str);183BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(!dec_extkey.key.IsValid(), "Decoding '" + str + "' as xprv should fail");184BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(!dec_extpubkey.pubkey.IsValid(), "Decoding '" + str + "' as xpub should fail");185}186}188BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip32_derive_ext_key)189{190const CExtKey master{DecodeExtKey(test1.vDerive[0].prv)};191const std::vector<uint32_t> path{test1.vDerive[0].nChild, test1.vDerive[1].nChild};192const auto derived{DeriveExtKey(master, path)};193BOOST_REQUIRE(derived);194BOOST_CHECK(EncodeExtKey(derived->first) == test1.vDerive[2].prv);196KeyOriginInfo expected_origin;197expected_origin.fingerprint = master.id_key_fingerprint();198expected_origin.path = path;199BOOST_CHECK(derived->second == expected_origin);201const auto root{DeriveExtKey(master, {})};202BOOST_REQUIRE(root);203BOOST_CHECK(root->first == master);204expected_origin.path.clear();205BOOST_CHECK(root->second == expected_origin);207CExtKey max_depth{master};208for (auto i{0}; i++ < 255;) {209CExtKey next_key;210BOOST_REQUIRE(max_depth.Derive(next_key, 0));211max_depth = next_key;212}213BOOST_CHECK(!DeriveExtKey(max_depth, {0}));214}216BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip32_has_hardened_derivation)217{218const std::vector<uint32_t> empty;219const std::vector<uint32_t> unhardened{0, 1, 2};220const std::vector<uint32_t> hardened{BIP32_HARDENED_FLAG};221const std::vector<uint32_t> mixed{0, BIP32_HARDENED_FLAG | 1, 2};222BOOST_CHECK(!HasHardenedDerivation(empty));223BOOST_CHECK(!HasHardenedDerivation(unhardened));224BOOST_CHECK(HasHardenedDerivation(hardened));225BOOST_CHECK(HasHardenedDerivation(mixed));226}228BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip32_max_depth) {229CExtKey key_parent{DecodeExtKey(test1.vDerive[0].prv)}, key_child;230CExtPubKey pubkey_parent{DecodeExtPubKey(test1.vDerive[0].pub)}, pubkey_child;232// We can derive up to the 255th depth..233for (auto i = 0; i++ < 255;) {234BOOST_CHECK(key_parent.Derive(key_child, 0));235std::swap(key_parent, key_child);236BOOST_CHECK(pubkey_parent.Derive(pubkey_child, 0));237std::swap(pubkey_parent, pubkey_child);238}240// But trying to derive a non-existent 256th depth will fail!241BOOST_CHECK(key_parent.nDepth == 255);242BOOST_CHECK(pubkey_parent.nDepth == 255);243BOOST_CHECK(!key_parent.Derive(key_child, 0));244BOOST_CHECK(!pubkey_parent.Derive(pubkey_child, 0));245}247BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(parse_hd_keypath)248{249std::vector<uint32_t> keypath;
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