READ THE CODE

Inside Bitcoin

The code behind the network, with room to understand it.

Stable release v32.1bitcoin/bitcoin · f0de87f04062 ↗3,020 source files · 47.5 MB stored on the server440 file guides

Release published 2026-10-28 · Snapshot fetched 2026-11-01. Latest stable release at fetch time; development branches and Git history are excluded. Only the selected code window and visible folders load here.

15,459 bytes · SHA-256 e105418ac2d0b5a0… · View upstream ↗

1// Copyright (c) 2018-present The Bitcoin Core developers
2// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
3// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
4
5#include <chain.h>
6#include <chainparams.h>
7#include <consensus/consensus.h>
8#include <consensus/merkle.h>
9#include <consensus/validation.h>
10#include <interfaces/mining.h>
11#include <node/blockstorage.h>
12#include <pow.h>
13#include <primitives/block.h>
14#include <primitives/transaction.h>
15#include <random.h>
16#include <script/script.h>
17#include <sync.h>
18#include <test/util/common.h>
19#include <test/util/script.h>
20#include <test/util/setup_common.h>
21#include <txmempool.h>
22#include <uint256.h>
23#include <util/check.h>
24#include <validation.h>
25#include <validationinterface.h>
26
27#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
28
29#include <cstddef>
30#include <cstdint>
31#include <memory>
32#include <span>
33#include <thread>
34#include <utility>
35#include <vector>
36
37using kernel::ChainstateRole;
38
39namespace validation_block_tests {
40struct MinerTestingSetup : public RegTestingSetup {
41    std::shared_ptr<CBlock> Block(const uint256& prev_hash);
42    std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> GoodBlock(const uint256& prev_hash);
43    std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> BadBlock(const uint256& prev_hash);
44    std::shared_ptr<CBlock> FinalizeBlock(std::shared_ptr<CBlock> pblock);
45    void BuildChain(const uint256& root, int height, unsigned int invalid_rate, unsigned int branch_rate, unsigned int max_size, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CBlock>>& blocks);
46};
47} // namespace validation_block_tests
48
49BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_SUITE(validation_block_tests, MinerTestingSetup)
50
51struct TestSubscriber final : public CValidationInterface {
52    uint256 m_expected_tip;
53
54    explicit TestSubscriber(uint256 tip) : m_expected_tip(tip) {}
55
56    void UpdatedBlockTip(const CBlockIndex* pindexNew, const CBlockIndex* pindexFork, bool fInitialDownload) override
57    {
58        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(m_expected_tip, pindexNew->GetBlockHash());
59    }
60
61    void BlockConnected(const ChainstateRole& role, const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock>& block, const CBlockIndex* pindex) override
62    {
63        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(m_expected_tip, block->hashPrevBlock);
64        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(m_expected_tip, pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash());
65
66        m_expected_tip = block->GetHash();
67    }
68
69    void BlockDisconnected(const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock>& block, const CBlockIndex* pindex) override
70    {
71        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(m_expected_tip, block->GetHash());
72        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(m_expected_tip, pindex->GetBlockHash());
73
74        m_expected_tip = block->hashPrevBlock;
75    }
76};
77
78std::shared_ptr<CBlock> MinerTestingSetup::Block(const uint256& prev_hash)
79{
80    static int i = 0;
81    static uint64_t time = Params().GenesisBlock().nTime;
82
83    auto mining{interfaces::MakeMining(m_node)};
84    auto block_template{mining->createNewBlock({
85        .coinbase_output_script = CScript{} << i++ << OP_TRUE,
86    }, /*cooldown=*/false)};
87    BOOST_REQUIRE(block_template);
88    auto pblock = std::make_shared<CBlock>(block_template->getBlock());
89    pblock->hashPrevBlock = prev_hash;
90    pblock->nTime = ++time;
91
92    // Make the coinbase transaction with two outputs:
93    // One zero-value one that has a unique pubkey to make sure that blocks at the same height can have a different hash
94    // Another one that has the coinbase reward in a P2WSH with OP_TRUE as witness program to make it easy to spend
95    CMutableTransaction txCoinbase(*pblock->vtx[0]);
96    txCoinbase.vout.resize(2);
97    txCoinbase.vout[1].scriptPubKey = P2WSH_OP_TRUE;
98    txCoinbase.vout[1].nValue = txCoinbase.vout[0].nValue;
99    txCoinbase.vout[0].nValue = 0;
100    txCoinbase.vin[0].scriptWitness.SetNull();
101    // Always pad with OP_0 as dummy extraNonce (also avoids bad-cb-length error for block <=16)
102    const int prev_height{WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return m_node.chainman->m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(prev_hash)->nHeight)};
103    txCoinbase.vin[0].scriptSig = CScript{} << prev_height + 1 << OP_0;
104    txCoinbase.nLockTime = static_cast<uint32_t>(prev_height);
105    pblock->vtx[0] = MakeTransactionRef(std::move(txCoinbase));
106
107    return pblock;
108}
109
110std::shared_ptr<CBlock> MinerTestingSetup::FinalizeBlock(std::shared_ptr<CBlock> pblock)
111{
112    const CBlockIndex* prev_block{WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return m_node.chainman->m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(pblock->hashPrevBlock))};
113    m_node.chainman->GenerateCoinbaseCommitment(*pblock, prev_block);
114
115    pblock->hashMerkleRoot = BlockMerkleRoot(*pblock);
116
117    while (!CheckProofOfWork(pblock->GetHash(), pblock->nBits, Params().GetConsensus())) {
118        ++(pblock->nNonce);
119    }
120
121    // submit block header, so that miner can get the block height from the
122    // global state and the node has the topology of the chain
123    BlockValidationState ignored;
124    BOOST_CHECK(Assert(m_node.chainman)->ProcessNewBlockHeaders({{*pblock}}, true, ignored));
125
126    return pblock;
127}
128
129// construct a valid block
130std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> MinerTestingSetup::GoodBlock(const uint256& prev_hash)
131{
132    return FinalizeBlock(Block(prev_hash));
133}
134
135// construct an invalid block (but with a valid header)
136std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> MinerTestingSetup::BadBlock(const uint256& prev_hash)
137{
138    auto pblock = Block(prev_hash);
139
140    CMutableTransaction coinbase_spend;
141    coinbase_spend.vin.emplace_back(COutPoint(pblock->vtx[0]->GetHash(), 0), CScript(), 0);
142    coinbase_spend.vout.push_back(pblock->vtx[0]->vout[0]);
143
144    CTransactionRef tx = MakeTransactionRef(coinbase_spend);
145    pblock->vtx.push_back(tx);
146
147    auto ret = FinalizeBlock(pblock);
148    return ret;
149}
150
151// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-no-recursion)
152void MinerTestingSetup::BuildChain(const uint256& root, int height, const unsigned int invalid_rate, const unsigned int branch_rate, const unsigned int max_size, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CBlock>>& blocks)
153{
154    if (height <= 0 || blocks.size() >= max_size) return;
155
156    bool gen_invalid = m_rng.randrange(100U) < invalid_rate;
157    bool gen_fork = m_rng.randrange(100U) < branch_rate;
158
159    const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> pblock = gen_invalid ? BadBlock(root) : GoodBlock(root);
160    blocks.push_back(pblock);
161    if (!gen_invalid) {
162        BuildChain(pblock->GetHash(), height - 1, invalid_rate, branch_rate, max_size, blocks);
163    }
164
165    if (gen_fork) {
166        blocks.push_back(GoodBlock(root));
167        BuildChain(blocks.back()->GetHash(), height - 1, invalid_rate, branch_rate, max_size, blocks);
168    }
169}
170
171BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(processnewblock_signals_ordering)
172{
173    // build a large-ish chain that's likely to have some forks
174    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CBlock>> blocks;
175    while (blocks.size() < 50) {
176        blocks.clear();
177        BuildChain(Params().GenesisBlock().GetHash(), 100, 15, 10, 500, blocks);
178    }
179
180    bool ignored;
181    // Connect the genesis block and drain any outstanding events
182    BOOST_CHECK(Assert(m_node.chainman)->ProcessNewBlock(std::make_shared<CBlock>(Params().GenesisBlock()), true, true, &ignored));
183    m_node.validation_signals->SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
184
185    // subscribe to events (this subscriber will validate event ordering)
186    const CBlockIndex* initial_tip = nullptr;
187    {
188        LOCK(cs_main);
189        initial_tip = m_node.chainman->ActiveChain().Tip();
190    }
191    auto sub = std::make_shared<TestSubscriber>(initial_tip->GetBlockHash());
192    m_node.validation_signals->RegisterSharedValidationInterface(sub);
193
194    // create a bunch of threads that repeatedly process a block generated above at random
195    // this will create parallelism and randomness inside validation - the ValidationInterface
196    // will subscribe to events generated during block validation and assert on ordering invariance
197    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
198    threads.reserve(10);
199    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
200        threads.emplace_back([&]() {
201            bool ignored;
202            FastRandomContext insecure;
203            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
204                const auto& block = blocks[insecure.randrange(blocks.size() - 1)];
205                Assert(m_node.chainman)->ProcessNewBlock(block, true, true, &ignored);
206            }
207
208            // to make sure that eventually we process the full chain - do it here
209            for (const auto& block : blocks) {
210                if (block->vtx.size() == 1) {
211                    bool processed = Assert(m_node.chainman)->ProcessNewBlock(block, true, true, &ignored);
212                    assert(processed);
213                }
214            }
215        });
216    }
217
218    for (auto& t : threads) {
219        t.join();
220    }
221    m_node.validation_signals->SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
222
223    m_node.validation_signals->UnregisterSharedValidationInterface(sub);
224
225    LOCK(cs_main);
226    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(sub->m_expected_tip, m_node.chainman->ActiveChain().Tip()->GetBlockHash());
227}
228
229/**
230 * Test that mempool updates happen atomically with reorgs.
231 *
232 * This prevents RPC clients, among others, from retrieving immediately-out-of-date mempool data
233 * during large reorgs.
234 *
235 * The test verifies this by creating a chain of `num_txs` blocks, matures their coinbases, and then
236 * submits txns spending from their coinbase to the mempool. A fork chain is then processed,
237 * invalidating the txns and evicting them from the mempool.
238 *
239 * We verify that the mempool updates atomically by polling it continuously
240 * from another thread during the reorg and checking that its size only changes
241 * once. The size changing exactly once indicates that the polling thread's
242 * view of the mempool is either consistent with the chain state before reorg,
243 * or consistent with the chain state after the reorg, and not just consistent
244 * with some intermediate state during the reorg.
245 */
246BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(mempool_locks_reorg)
247{
248    bool ignored;
249    auto ProcessBlock = [&](std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> block) -> bool {
250        return Assert(m_node.chainman)->ProcessNewBlock(block, /*force_processing=*/true, /*min_pow_checked=*/true, /*new_block=*/&ignored);

src/wallet/receive.cpp

src/wallet/coinselection.cpp

src/consensus/validation.h

src/primitives/transaction.cpp

src/script/descriptor.cpp

src/bitcoin-cli.cpp

src/rpc/blockchain.cpp

src/rpc/rawtransaction.cpp

src/init.cpp

src/crypto/sha256.cpp

src/consensus/merkle.h

src/consensus/tx_check.h

src/consensus/tx_verify.h

src/policy/feerate.h

src/policy/feerate.cpp

src/primitives/transaction_identifier.h

src/chainparamsbase.h

src/chainparamsbase.cpp

src/util/moneystr.cpp

src/crypto/ripemd160.h

src/crypto/sha1.h

src/crypto/sha512.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha256.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha512.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha256.cpp

src/crypto/hmac_sha512.cpp

src/crypto/hkdf_sha256_32.h

src/crypto/hkdf_sha256_32.cpp

src/support/cleanse.h

src/support/cleanse.cpp

src/crypto/siphash.cpp

src/crypto/muhash.h

src/crypto/chacha20.h

src/crypto/poly1305.h

src/crypto/chacha20poly1305.h

src/crypto/chacha20poly1305.cpp

src/util/chaintype.cpp

src/util/obfuscation.h

src/util/byte_units.h

src/util/overflow.h

src/blockencodings.cpp

src/net_permissions.cpp

src/policy/packages.cpp

src/policy/rbf.cpp

src/policy/truc_policy.cpp

src/policy/ephemeral_policy.cpp

src/policy/settings.cpp

src/policy/policy.cpp

src/node/transaction.cpp

src/node/coin.cpp

src/rpc/client.cpp

src/rpc/external_signer.cpp

src/rpc/request.cpp

src/rpc/server_util.cpp

src/rpc/fees.cpp

src/rpc/output_script.cpp

src/rpc/rawtransaction_util.cpp

src/rpc/rawtransaction_util.h

src/rpc/register.h

src/rpc/request.h

src/rpc/server_util.h

src/rpc/protocol.h

src/rpc/server.h

src/rpc/signmessage.cpp

src/rpc/txoutproof.cpp

src/rpc/util.cpp

src/rpc/util.h

src/wallet/rpc/addresses.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/backup.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/coins.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/encrypt.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/signmessage.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/util.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/util.h

src/wallet/coincontrol.cpp

src/wallet/coincontrol.h

src/wallet/context.cpp

src/wallet/context.h

src/wallet/crypter.cpp

src/wallet/crypter.h

src/wallet/db.cpp

src/wallet/export.cpp

src/wallet/external_signer_scriptpubkeyman.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/spend.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/transactions.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/wallet.cpp

src/wallet/feebumper.cpp

src/wallet/feebumper.h

src/index/base.h

src/index/base.cpp

src/index/txindex.h

src/index/txindex.cpp

src/index/txindex_key.h

src/index/txospenderindex.h

src/index/txospenderindex.cpp

src/index/blockfilterindex.h

src/index/blockfilterindex.cpp

src/index/coinstatsindex.h

src/index/coinstatsindex.cpp

src/index/db_key.h

src/index/disktxpos.h

src/kernel/chain.cpp

src/kernel/chain.h

src/kernel/checks.cpp

src/kernel/checks.h

src/kernel/context.cpp

src/kernel/context.h

src/kernel/cs_main.cpp

src/kernel/cs_main.h

src/kernel/disconnected_transactions.cpp

src/kernel/disconnected_transactions.h

src/kernel/mempool_removal_reason.cpp

src/kernel/mempool_removal_reason.h

src/kernel/coinstats.cpp

src/kernel/coinstats.h

src/kernel/chainparams.cpp

src/kernel/chainparams.h

src/wallet/sqlite.cpp

src/wallet/sqlite.h

src/wallet/transaction.cpp

src/wallet/transaction.h

src/wallet/dump.cpp

src/wallet/dump.h

src/wallet/init.cpp

src/wallet/walletutil.cpp

src/wallet/walletutil.h

src/wallet/wallettool.cpp

src/wallet/wallettool.h

src/wallet/export.h

src/wallet/migrate.cpp

src/wallet/migrate.h

src/wallet/db.h

src/wallet/walletdb.cpp

src/wallet/interfaces.cpp

src/wallet/scriptpubkeyman.cpp

src/wallet/scriptpubkeyman.h

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel.cpp

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel.h

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel_wrapper.h

src/node/chainstate.cpp

src/node/chainstate.h

src/node/blockstorage.cpp

src/node/blockstorage.h

src/node/mempool_persist.cpp

src/node/mempool_persist.h

src/node/utxo_snapshot.cpp

src/node/utxo_snapshot.h

src/node/kernel_notifications.cpp

src/node/kernel_notifications.h

src/node/blockmanager_args.cpp

src/kernel/blockmanager_opts.h

src/util/expected.cpp

src/policy/settings.h

src/util/types.h

src/kernel/messagestartchars.h

src/kernel/warning.h

src/util/exception.h

src/common/license_info.h

src/node/coins_view_args.h

src/node/database_args.h

src/util/batchpriority.h

src/util/ui_change_type.h

src/node/coins_view_args.cpp

src/node/peerman_args.h

src/util/serfloat.h

src/node/blockmanager_args.h

src/node/database_args.cpp

src/util/overloaded.h

src/interfaces/types.h

src/node/chainstatemanager_args.h

src/node/minisketchwrapper.h

src/util/macros.h

src/util/syserror.h

src/common/run_command.h

src/util/bytevectorhash.cpp

src/node/mempool_persist_args.cpp

src/util/exec.h

src/util/rbf.h

src/crypto/hex_base.h

src/node/mempool_persist_args.h

src/interfaces/echo.h

src/util/any.h

src/util/batchpriority.cpp

src/util/threadnames.h

src/node/coin.h

src/node/mempool_args.h

src/util/asmap.h

src/util/bytevectorhash.h

src/node/context.cpp

src/util/insert.h

src/util/readwritefile.h

src/node/peerman_args.cpp

src/node/interface_ui.cpp

src/interfaces/handler.h

src/node/mining_args.h

src/util/hasher.cpp

src/common/init.h

src/kernel/mempool_limits.h

src/common/system.h

src/crypto/sha3.h

src/util/threadinterrupt.cpp

src/node/protocol_version.h

src/util/exception.cpp

src/common/messages.h

src/node/connection_types.cpp

src/util/bip32.h

src/common/license_info.cpp

src/util/stdmutex.h

src/common/run_command.cpp

src/util/check.cpp

src/util/golombrice.h

src/node/types.h

src/node/timeoffsets.h

src/util/readwritefile.cpp

src/util/fastrange.h

src/util/signalinterrupt.h

src/util/task_runner.h

src/util/syserror.cpp

src/common/interfaces.cpp

src/common/types.h

src/util/threadinterrupt.h

src/kernel/chainstatemanager_opts.h

src/node/psbt.h

src/policy/ephemeral_policy.h

src/util/trace.h

src/common/url.cpp

src/kernel/mempool_options.h

src/util/serfloat.cpp

src/kernel/notifications_interface.h

src/node/timeoffsets.cpp

src/node/warnings.cpp

src/util/hash_type.h

src/crypto/hex_base.cpp

src/node/eviction.h

src/util/tokenbucket.h

src/crypto/aes.h

src/common/pcp.h

src/util/feefrac.cpp

src/node/transaction.h

src/util/threadnames.cpp

src/common/signmessage.h

src/util/exec.cpp

src/util/signalinterrupt.cpp

src/clientversion.cpp

src/common/signmessage.cpp

src/compat/assumptions.h

src/compat/byteswap.h

src/deploymentinfo.cpp

src/deploymentinfo.h

src/deploymentstatus.cpp

src/deploymentstatus.h

src/dummywallet.cpp

src/external_signer.h

src/init/bitcoin-gui.cpp

src/init/bitcoin-node.cpp

src/init/bitcoin-qt.cpp

src/init/bitcoin-wallet.cpp

src/init/bitcoind.cpp

src/init/common.h

src/interfaces/init.h

src/interfaces/ipc.h

src/key_io.h

src/logging/categories.h

src/logging/timer.h

src/mapport.h

src/musig.h

src/net_permissions.h

src/netgroup.h

src/netmessagemaker.h

src/node/chainstatemanager_args.cpp

src/node/connection_types.h

src/node/context.h

src/node/interface_ui.h

src/node/mempool_args.cpp

src/node/mining_args.cpp

src/node/minisketchwrapper.cpp

src/node/txreconciliation.h

src/policy/fees/estimator_args.cpp

src/policy/fees/estimator_args.h

src/policy/fees/estimator_man.cpp

src/policy/fees/estimator_man.h

src/policy/packages.h

src/policy/rbf.h

src/policy/truc_policy.h

src/pow.h

src/primitives/block.cpp

src/randomenv.h

src/rest.h

src/script/keyorigin.h

src/script/parsing.cpp

src/script/parsing.h

src/script/script_error.h

src/script/sigcache.cpp

src/script/sigcache.h

src/script/solver.h

src/script/verify_flags.h

src/semaphore_grant.h

src/signet.h

src/span.h

src/support/allocators/secure.h

src/support/allocators/zeroafterfree.h

src/util/tokenpipe.cpp

src/util/translation.h

src/util/vector.h

src/versionbits.h

src/versionbits_impl.h

src/wallet/external_signer_scriptpubkeyman.h

src/wallet/fees.h

src/wallet/load.h

src/wallet/receive.h

src/wallet/rpc/wallet.h

src/wallet/types.h

src/walletinitinterface.h

src/zmq/zmqabstractnotifier.cpp

Independent explanations by MyBitcoinExplorer. Not affiliated with or endorsed by Bitcoin Core. Guides are educational and do not replace the source or its tests.

Bitcoin Core source © its contributors, distributed under the MIT license. Original notices and bundled third-party licenses are retained in the source tree.