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Stable release v32.1bitcoin/bitcoin · f0de87f04062 ↗3,020 source files · 47.5 MB stored on the server340 file guides

Release published 2026-10-28 · Snapshot fetched 2026-11-01. Latest stable release at fetch time; development branches and Git history are excluded. Only the selected code window and visible folders load here.

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1Bitcoin Core version 28.1 is now available from:
2
3  <https://bitcoincore.org/bin/bitcoin-core-28.1>
4
5This release includes new features, various bug fixes and performance
6improvements, as well as updated translations.
7
8Please report bugs using the issue tracker at GitHub:
9
10  <https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues>
11
12To receive security and update notifications, please subscribe to:
13
14  <https://bitcoincore.org/en/list/announcements/join/>
15
16How to Upgrade
17==============
18
19If you are running an older version, shut it down. Wait until it has completely
20shut down (which might take a few minutes in some cases), then run the
21installer (on Windows) or just copy over `/Applications/Bitcoin-Qt` (on macOS)
22or `bitcoind`/`bitcoin-qt` (on Linux).
23
24Upgrading directly from a version of Bitcoin Core that has reached its EOL is
25possible, but it might take some time if the data directory needs to be migrated. Old
26wallet versions of Bitcoin Core are generally supported.
27
28Running Bitcoin Core binaries on macOS requires self signing.
29```
30cd /path/to/bitcoin-28.x/bin
31xattr -d com.apple.quarantine bitcoin-cli bitcoin-qt bitcoin-tx bitcoin-util bitcoin-wallet bitcoind test_bitcoin
32codesign -s - bitcoin-cli bitcoin-qt bitcoin-tx bitcoin-util bitcoin-wallet bitcoind test_bitcoin
33```
34
35Compatibility
36==============
37
38Bitcoin Core is supported and extensively tested on operating systems
39using the Linux Kernel 3.17+, macOS 11.0+, and Windows 7 and newer. Bitcoin
40Core should also work on most other UNIX-like systems but is not as
41frequently tested on them. It is not recommended to use Bitcoin Core on
42unsupported systems.
43
44Notable changes
45===============
46
47### P2P
48
49- When the `-port` configuration option is used, the default onion listening port will now
50  be derived to be that port + 1 instead of being set to a fixed value (8334 on mainnet).
51  This re-allows setups with multiple local nodes using different `-port` and not using `-bind`,
52  which would lead to a startup failure in v28.0 due to a port collision.
53
54  Note that a `HiddenServicePort` manually configured in `torrc` may need adjustment if used in
55  connection with the `-port` option.
56  For example, if you are using `-port=5555` with a non-standard value and not using `-bind=...=onion`,
57  previously Bitcoin Core would listen for incoming Tor connections on `127.0.0.1:8334`.
58  Now it would listen on `127.0.0.1:5556` (`-port` plus one). If you configured the hidden service manually
59  in torrc now you have to change it from `HiddenServicePort 8333 127.0.0.1:8334` to `HiddenServicePort 8333
60  127.0.0.1:5556`, or configure bitcoind with `-bind=127.0.0.1:8334=onion` to get the previous behavior.
61  (#31223)
62- #30568 addrman: change internal id counting to int64_t
63
64### Key
65
66- #31166 key: clear out secret data in DecodeExtKey
67
68### Build
69
70- #31013 depends: For mingw cross compile use `-gcc-posix` to prevent library conflict
71- #31502 depends: Fix CXXFLAGS on NetBSD
72
73### Test
74
75- #31016 test: add missing sync to feature_fee_estimation.py
76- #31448 fuzz: add cstdlib to FuzzedDataProvider
77- #31419 test: fix MIN macro redefinition
78- #31563 rpc: Extend scope of validation mutex in generateblock
79
80### Doc
81
82- #31007 doc: add testnet4 section header for config file
83
84### CI
85
86- #30961 ci: add LLVM_SYMBOLIZER_PATH to Valgrind fuzz job
87
88### Misc
89
90- #31267 refactor: Drop deprecated space in `operator""_mst`
91- #31431 util: use explicit cast in MultiIntBitSet::Fill()
92
93Credits
94=======
95
96Thanks to everyone who directly contributed to this release:
97
98- fanquake
99- Hennadii Stepanov
100- laanwj
101- MarcoFalke
102- Martin Zumsande
103- Marnix
104- Sebastian Falbesoner
105
106As well as to everyone that helped with translations on
107[Transifex](https://www.transifex.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/).
108

src/wallet/receive.cpp

src/wallet/coinselection.cpp

src/consensus/validation.h

src/primitives/transaction.cpp

src/script/descriptor.cpp

src/bitcoin-cli.cpp

src/rpc/blockchain.cpp

src/rpc/rawtransaction.cpp

src/init.cpp

src/crypto/sha256.cpp

src/consensus/merkle.h

src/consensus/tx_check.h

src/consensus/tx_verify.h

src/policy/feerate.h

src/policy/feerate.cpp

src/primitives/transaction_identifier.h

src/chainparamsbase.h

src/chainparamsbase.cpp

src/util/moneystr.cpp

src/crypto/ripemd160.h

src/crypto/sha1.h

src/crypto/sha512.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha256.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha512.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha256.cpp

src/crypto/hmac_sha512.cpp

src/crypto/hkdf_sha256_32.h

src/crypto/hkdf_sha256_32.cpp

src/support/cleanse.h

src/support/cleanse.cpp

src/crypto/siphash.cpp

src/crypto/muhash.h

src/crypto/chacha20.h

src/crypto/poly1305.h

src/crypto/chacha20poly1305.h

src/crypto/chacha20poly1305.cpp

src/util/chaintype.cpp

src/util/obfuscation.h

src/util/byte_units.h

src/util/overflow.h

src/blockencodings.cpp

src/net_permissions.cpp

src/policy/packages.cpp

src/policy/rbf.cpp

src/policy/truc_policy.cpp

src/policy/ephemeral_policy.cpp

src/policy/settings.cpp

src/policy/policy.cpp

src/node/transaction.cpp

src/node/coin.cpp

src/rpc/client.cpp

src/rpc/external_signer.cpp

src/rpc/request.cpp

src/rpc/server_util.cpp

src/rpc/fees.cpp

src/rpc/output_script.cpp

src/rpc/rawtransaction_util.cpp

src/rpc/rawtransaction_util.h

src/rpc/register.h

src/rpc/request.h

src/rpc/server_util.h

src/rpc/protocol.h

src/rpc/server.h

src/rpc/signmessage.cpp

src/rpc/txoutproof.cpp

src/rpc/util.cpp

src/rpc/util.h

src/wallet/rpc/addresses.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/backup.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/coins.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/encrypt.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/signmessage.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/util.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/util.h

src/wallet/coincontrol.cpp

src/wallet/coincontrol.h

src/wallet/context.cpp

src/wallet/context.h

src/wallet/crypter.cpp

src/wallet/crypter.h

src/wallet/db.cpp

src/wallet/export.cpp

src/wallet/external_signer_scriptpubkeyman.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/spend.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/transactions.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/wallet.cpp

src/wallet/feebumper.cpp

src/wallet/feebumper.h

src/index/base.h

src/index/base.cpp

src/index/txindex.h

src/index/txindex.cpp

src/index/txindex_key.h

src/index/txospenderindex.h

src/index/txospenderindex.cpp

src/index/blockfilterindex.h

src/index/blockfilterindex.cpp

src/index/coinstatsindex.h

src/index/coinstatsindex.cpp

src/index/db_key.h

src/index/disktxpos.h

src/kernel/chain.cpp

src/kernel/chain.h

src/kernel/checks.cpp

src/kernel/checks.h

src/kernel/context.cpp

src/kernel/context.h

src/kernel/cs_main.cpp

src/kernel/cs_main.h

src/kernel/disconnected_transactions.cpp

src/kernel/disconnected_transactions.h

src/kernel/mempool_removal_reason.cpp

src/kernel/mempool_removal_reason.h

src/kernel/coinstats.cpp

src/kernel/coinstats.h

src/kernel/chainparams.cpp

src/kernel/chainparams.h

src/wallet/sqlite.cpp

src/wallet/sqlite.h

src/wallet/transaction.cpp

src/wallet/transaction.h

src/wallet/dump.cpp

src/wallet/dump.h

src/wallet/init.cpp

src/wallet/walletutil.cpp

src/wallet/walletutil.h

src/wallet/wallettool.cpp

src/wallet/wallettool.h

src/wallet/export.h

src/wallet/migrate.cpp

src/wallet/migrate.h

src/wallet/db.h

src/wallet/walletdb.cpp

src/wallet/interfaces.cpp

src/wallet/scriptpubkeyman.cpp

src/wallet/scriptpubkeyman.h

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel.cpp

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel.h

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel_wrapper.h

src/node/chainstate.cpp

src/node/chainstate.h

src/node/blockstorage.cpp

src/node/blockstorage.h

src/node/mempool_persist.cpp

src/node/mempool_persist.h

src/node/utxo_snapshot.cpp

src/node/utxo_snapshot.h

src/node/kernel_notifications.cpp

src/node/kernel_notifications.h

src/node/blockmanager_args.cpp

src/kernel/blockmanager_opts.h

src/util/expected.cpp

src/policy/settings.h

src/util/types.h

src/kernel/messagestartchars.h

src/kernel/warning.h

src/util/exception.h

src/common/license_info.h

src/node/coins_view_args.h

src/node/database_args.h

src/util/batchpriority.h

src/util/ui_change_type.h

src/node/coins_view_args.cpp

src/node/peerman_args.h

src/util/serfloat.h

src/node/blockmanager_args.h

src/node/database_args.cpp

src/util/overloaded.h

src/interfaces/types.h

src/node/chainstatemanager_args.h

src/node/minisketchwrapper.h

src/util/macros.h

src/util/syserror.h

src/common/run_command.h

src/util/bytevectorhash.cpp

src/node/mempool_persist_args.cpp

src/util/exec.h

src/util/rbf.h

src/crypto/hex_base.h

src/node/mempool_persist_args.h

src/interfaces/echo.h

src/util/any.h

src/util/batchpriority.cpp

src/util/threadnames.h

src/node/coin.h

src/node/mempool_args.h

src/util/asmap.h

src/util/bytevectorhash.h

src/node/context.cpp

src/util/insert.h

src/util/readwritefile.h

src/node/peerman_args.cpp

src/node/interface_ui.cpp

src/interfaces/handler.h

src/node/mining_args.h

src/util/hasher.cpp

src/common/init.h

src/kernel/mempool_limits.h

src/common/system.h

src/crypto/sha3.h

src/util/threadinterrupt.cpp

src/node/protocol_version.h

src/util/exception.cpp

src/common/messages.h

src/node/connection_types.cpp

src/util/bip32.h

src/common/license_info.cpp

src/util/stdmutex.h

src/common/run_command.cpp

src/util/check.cpp

src/util/golombrice.h

src/node/types.h

src/node/timeoffsets.h

src/util/readwritefile.cpp

src/util/fastrange.h

src/util/signalinterrupt.h

src/util/task_runner.h

src/util/syserror.cpp

src/common/interfaces.cpp

src/common/types.h

src/util/threadinterrupt.h

src/kernel/chainstatemanager_opts.h

src/node/psbt.h

src/policy/ephemeral_policy.h

src/util/trace.h

src/common/url.cpp

src/kernel/mempool_options.h

src/util/serfloat.cpp

src/kernel/notifications_interface.h

src/node/timeoffsets.cpp

src/node/warnings.cpp

src/util/hash_type.h

src/crypto/hex_base.cpp

src/node/eviction.h

src/util/tokenbucket.h

src/crypto/aes.h

src/common/pcp.h

src/util/feefrac.cpp

src/node/transaction.h

src/util/threadnames.cpp

src/common/signmessage.h

src/util/exec.cpp

src/util/signalinterrupt.cpp

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Bitcoin Core source © its contributors, distributed under the MIT license. Original notices and bundled third-party licenses are retained in the source tree.