Skip to content

BITCOIN MAINNETLive explorer status

₿MyBitcoinExplorer

Explorer Mempool Feed Forum Visualizer Receipts Tools Learn Code

Inside Bitcoin

Opening the selected file…

₿MyBitcoinExplorer

Bitcoin, in focus.
Explore the network. Understand the connections.

Explore Bitcoin with clarity.

Explore

Block explorer Mempool Bitcoin message feed Fee estimates Transaction graph

Build & learn

Developer tools API documentation Bitcoin guides Inside Bitcoin source Our methodology

MyBitcoinExplorer

Watchlists & alerts About the project Network status Address monitoring

© 2026 MyBitcoinExplorer. Bitcoin, in focus.Privacy Terms Contact Bitcoin mainnet

READ THE CODE

Inside Bitcoin

The code behind the network, with room to understand it.

Stable release v32.1bitcoin/bitcoin · f0de87f04062 ↗3,020 source files · 47.5 MB stored on the server440 file guides

Release published 2026-10-28 · Snapshot fetched 2026-11-01. Latest stable release at fetch time; development branches and Git history are excluded. Only the selected code window and visible folders load here.

bitcoin / bitcoinstable

Find a file

▤ release-notes-0.10.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.10.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.10.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.10.3.md

▤ release-notes-0.10.4.md

▤ release-notes-0.11.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.11.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.11.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.12.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.12.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.13.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.13.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.13.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.14.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.14.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.14.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.14.3.md

▤ release-notes-0.15.0.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.15.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.15.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.15.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.16.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.16.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.16.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.16.3.md

▤ release-notes-0.17.0.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.17.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.17.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.18.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.18.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.19.0.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.19.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.19.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.20.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.20.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.20.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.21.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.21.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.21.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.12.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.13.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.14.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.15.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.16.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.17.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.18.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.19.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.20.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.20.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.20.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.21.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.22.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.23.md

▤ release-notes-0.3.24.md

▤ release-notes-0.4.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.4.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.4.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.4.3.md

▤ release-notes-0.4.4.md

▤ release-notes-0.4.5.md

▤ release-notes-0.4.6.md

▤ release-notes-0.5.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.5.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.5.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.5.3.md

▤ release-notes-0.5.4.md

▤ release-notes-0.5.5.md

▤ release-notes-0.6.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.6.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.6.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.6.3.md

▤ release-notes-0.7.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.7.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.7.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.8.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.8.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.8.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.8.3.md

▤ release-notes-0.8.4.md

▤ release-notes-0.8.5.md

▤ release-notes-0.8.6.md

▤ release-notes-0.9.0.md

▤ release-notes-0.9.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.9.2.1.md

▤ release-notes-0.9.2.md

▤ release-notes-0.9.3.md

▤ release-notes-0.9.4.md

▤ release-notes-0.9.5.md

▤ release-notes-22.0.md

▤ release-notes-22.1.md

▤ release-notes-23.0.md

▤ release-notes-23.1.md

▤ release-notes-23.2.md

▤ release-notes-24.0.1.md

▤ release-notes-24.0.md

▤ release-notes-24.1.md

▤ release-notes-24.2.md

▤ release-notes-25.0.md

▤ release-notes-25.1.md

▤ release-notes-25.2.md

▤ release-notes-26.0.md

▤ release-notes-26.1.md

▤ release-notes-26.2.md

▤ release-notes-27.0.md

▤ release-notes-27.1.md

▤ release-notes-27.2.md

▤ release-notes-28.0.md

▤ release-notes-28.1.md

▤ release-notes-28.2.md

▤ release-notes-28.3.md

▤ release-notes-28.4.md

▤ release-notes-29.0.md

▤ release-notes-29.1.md

▤ release-notes-29.2.md

▤ release-notes-29.3.md

▤ release-notes-29.4.md

▤ release-notes-30.0.md

▤ release-notes-30.1.md

▤ release-notes-30.2.md

▤ release-notes-30.3.md

▤ release-notes-31.0.md

▤ release-notes-31.1.md

▤ AI_POLICY.md

▤ asmap-data.md

▤ assets-attribution.md

▤ assumeutxo.md

▤ benchmarking.md

▤ bitcoin_logo_doxygen.png

▤ bitcoin-conf.md

▤ build-freebsd.md

▤ build-netbsd.md

▤ build-openbsd.md

▤ build-osx.md

▤ build-unix.md

▤ build-windows-msvc.md

▤ build-windows.md

▤ CMakeLists.txt

▤ dependencies.md

▤ descriptors.md

▤ developer-notes.md

▤ dnsseed-policy.md

▤ Doxyfile.in

▤ external-signer.md

▤ INSTALL_linux.md

▤ JSON-RPC-interface.md

▤ managing-wallets.md

▤ multiprocess.md

▤ multisig-tutorial.md

▤ offline-signing-tutorial.md

▤ p2p-bad-ports.md

▤ productivity.md

▤ README_doxygen.md

▤ README_windows.txt

▤ reduce-memory.md

▤ reduce-traffic.md

▤ release-notes.md

▤ release-process.md

▤ REST-interface.md

▤ translation_process.md

▤ translation_strings_policy.md

▤ .editorconfig

▤ .gitattributes

▤ .python-version

▤ .style.yapf

▤ CMakeLists.txtGuide

▤ CMakePresets.json

▤ CONTRIBUTING.md

▤ COPYINGGuide

▤ CTestConfig.cmake

▤ libbitcoinkernel.pc.in

▤ README.mdGuide

▤ SECURITY.md

bitcoin / doc / release-notes / release-notes-28.3.md

Download source ↓

3,932 bytes · SHA-256 f48d21d402e871fd… · View upstream ↗

1Bitcoin Core version 28.3 is now available from:
2
3  <https://bitcoincore.org/bin/bitcoin-core-28.3/>
4
5This release includes various bug fixes and performance
6improvements, as well as updated translations.
7
8Please report bugs using the issue tracker at GitHub:
9
10  <https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues>
11
12To receive security and update notifications, please subscribe to:
13
14  <https://bitcoincore.org/en/list/announcements/join/>
15
16How to Upgrade
17==============
18
19If you are running an older version, shut it down. Wait until it has completely
20shut down (which might take a few minutes in some cases), then run the
21installer (on Windows) or just copy over `/Applications/Bitcoin-Qt` (on macOS)
22or `bitcoind`/`bitcoin-qt` (on Linux).
23
24Upgrading directly from a version of Bitcoin Core that has reached its EOL is
25possible, but it might take some time if the data directory needs to be migrated. Old
26wallet versions of Bitcoin Core are generally supported.
27
28Compatibility
29==============
30
31Bitcoin Core is supported and extensively tested on operating systems
32using the Linux Kernel 3.17+, macOS 11.0+, and Windows 7 and newer. Bitcoin
33Core should also work on most other UNIX-like systems but is not as
34frequently tested on them. It is not recommended to use Bitcoin Core on
35unsupported systems.
36
37Notable changes
38===============
39
40### Mempool & Policy
41
42 The minimum block feerate (`-blockmintxfee`) has been changed to 1 satoshi per kvB. It can still be changed using the
43configuration option.
44
45- The default minimum relay feerate (`-minrelaytxfee`) and incremental relay feerate (`-incrementalrelayfee`) have been
46changed to 100 satoshis per kvB. They can still be changed using their respective configuration options, but it is
47recommended to change both together if you decide to do so.
48  - Other minimum feerates (e.g. the dust feerate, the minimum returned by the fee estimator, and all feerates used by
49  the wallet) remain unchanged. The mempool minimum feerate still changes in response to high volume.
50  - Note that unless these lower defaults are widely adopted across the network, transactions created with lower fee
51  rates are not guaranteed to propagate or confirm. The wallet feerates remain unchanged; `-mintxfee` must be changed
52  before attempting to create transactions with lower feerates using the wallet.
53
54- #33106 policy: lower the default blockmintxfee, incrementalrelayfee, minrelaytxfee
55- #33504 mempool: Do not enforce TRUC checks on reorg
56
57### P2P
58
59- #33395 net: do not apply whitelist permissions to onion inbounds
60
61### Test
62
63- #32765 test: Fix list index out of range error in feature_bip68_sequence.py
64- #33001 test: Do not pass tests on unhandled exceptions
65- #30125 test: improve BDB parser (handle internal/overflow pages, support all page sizes)
66- #30948 test: Add missing sync_mempools() to fill_mempool()
67- #30784 test: add BulkTransaction helper to unit test transaction utils
68
69### Build
70
71- #32678 guix: warn and abort when SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is set
72- #32943 depends: Force CMAKE_EXPORT_NO_PACKAGE_REGISTRY=TRUE
73- #33073 guix: warn SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH set in guix-codesign
74- #33563 build: fix depends Qt download link
75
76### Doc
77
78- #32776 doc: taproot became always active in v24.0
79- #32777 doc: fix Transifex 404s
80- #33070 doc/zmq: fix unix socket path example
81- #33133 rpc: fix getpeerinfo ping duration unit docs
82- #33236 doc: Remove wrong and redundant doxygen tag
83
84### Misc
85
86- #33340 Fix benchmark CSV output
87- #33482 contrib: fix macOS deployment with no translations
88- #33581 ci: Properly include $FILE_ENV in DEPENDS_HASH
89
90Credits
91=======
92
93Thanks to everyone who directly contributed to this release:
94- 0xB10C
95- amisha
96- Ava Chow
97- fanquake
98- glozow
99- Hennadii Stepanov
100- MarcoFalke
101- Martin Zumsande
102- romanz
103- Sjors Provoost
104- theStack
105- Vasil Dimov
106- willcl-ark
107- zaidmstrr
108
109As well as to everyone that helped with translations on
110[Transifex](https://explore.transifex.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/).
111

A READING COMPANION

Source available. Guide coming next.

This file is included in the stable source snapshot. A file-specific guide has not been published yet.

440 guided files · 2,580 pending. Guides cover key sections, not every line.

cmake/bitcoin-build-config.h.in src/consensus/amount.h src/consensus/consensus.h src/primitives/block.h src/primitives/transaction.h src/crypto/sha256.h src/util/moneystr.h src/clientversion.h src/uint256.h src/script/script.h src/policy/policy.h CMakeLists.txt README.md COPYING src/consensus/tx_check.cpp src/consensus/tx_verify.cpp src/consensus/merkle.cpp src/pow.cpp src/validation.cpp src/script/interpreter.cpp src/script/solver.cpp src/script/sign.cpp src/key_io.cpp src/net.cpp src/net_processing.cpp src/netaddress.cpp src/protocol.h src/wallet/wallet.cpp src/wallet/spend.cpp

Code page 1

src/wallet/receive.cpp

src/wallet/coinselection.cpp

src/wallet/fees.cpp

src/wallet/load.cpp

src/txmempool.cpp

src/node/miner.cpp

src/chainparams.cpp

src/consensus/validation.h

src/primitives/transaction.cpp

src/script/descriptor.cpp

src/bitcoin-cli.cpp

src/rpc/blockchain.cpp

src/rpc/rawtransaction.cpp

src/crypto/sha256.cpp

src/serialize.h

src/consensus/merkle.h

src/consensus/tx_check.h

src/consensus/tx_verify.h

src/policy/feerate.h

src/policy/feerate.cpp

src/primitives/transaction_identifier.h

src/chainparamsbase.h

src/chainparamsbase.cpp

src/util/moneystr.cpp

src/crypto/ripemd160.h

src/crypto/sha1.h

src/crypto/sha512.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha256.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha512.h

src/crypto/hmac_sha256.cpp

src/crypto/hmac_sha512.cpp

src/crypto/hkdf_sha256_32.h

src/crypto/hkdf_sha256_32.cpp

src/support/cleanse.h

src/support/cleanse.cpp

src/arith_uint256.h

src/blockencodings.h

src/blockfilter.h

src/crypto/siphash.h

src/crypto/siphash.cpp

src/crypto/muhash.h

src/crypto/chacha20.h

src/crypto/poly1305.h

src/crypto/chacha20poly1305.h

src/crypto/chacha20poly1305.cpp

src/compressor.h

src/compressor.cpp

src/flatfile.cpp

src/dbwrapper.h

src/util/chaintype.h

src/util/chaintype.cpp

src/scheduler.h

src/scheduler.cpp

src/checkqueue.h

src/threadsafety.h

src/util/obfuscation.h

src/util/byte_units.h

src/util/overflow.h

src/blockencodings.cpp

src/blockfilter.cpp

src/merkleblock.cpp

src/merkleblock.h

src/addrman.cpp

src/netgroup.cpp

src/net_permissions.cpp

src/netbase.cpp

src/torcontrol.cpp

src/net_types.h

src/net_types.cpp

src/policy/packages.cpp

src/policy/rbf.cpp

src/policy/truc_policy.cpp

src/policy/ephemeral_policy.cpp

src/policy/settings.cpp

src/policy/policy.cpp

src/node/transaction.cpp

src/node/coin.cpp

src/rpc/client.cpp

src/rpc/external_signer.cpp

src/rpc/request.cpp

src/rpc/server_util.cpp

src/rpc/fees.cpp

src/rpc/output_script.cpp

src/rpc/rawtransaction_util.cpp

src/rpc/server.cpp

src/rpc/mempool.cpp

src/rpc/mining.cpp

src/rpc/net.cpp

src/rpc/node.cpp

src/rpc/blockchain.h

src/rpc/client.h

src/rpc/mempool.h

src/rpc/mining.h

src/rpc/rawtransaction_util.h

src/rpc/register.h

src/rpc/request.h

src/rpc/server_util.h

src/rpc/protocol.h

src/rpc/server.h

src/rpc/signmessage.cpp

src/rpc/txoutproof.cpp

src/rpc/util.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/addresses.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/backup.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/coins.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/encrypt.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/signmessage.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/util.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/util.h

src/wallet/coincontrol.cpp

src/wallet/coincontrol.h

src/wallet/context.cpp

src/wallet/context.h

src/wallet/crypter.cpp

src/wallet/crypter.h

src/wallet/db.cpp

src/wallet/export.cpp

src/wallet/external_signer_scriptpubkeyman.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/spend.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/transactions.cpp

src/wallet/rpc/wallet.cpp

src/wallet/feebumper.cpp

src/wallet/feebumper.h

src/index/base.h

src/index/base.cpp

src/index/txindex.h

src/index/txindex.cpp

src/index/txindex_key.h

src/index/txospenderindex.h

src/index/txospenderindex.cpp

src/index/blockfilterindex.h

src/index/blockfilterindex.cpp

src/index/coinstatsindex.h

src/index/coinstatsindex.cpp

src/index/db_key.h

src/index/disktxpos.h

src/kernel/chain.cpp

src/kernel/chain.h

src/kernel/checks.cpp

src/kernel/checks.h

src/kernel/context.cpp

src/kernel/context.h

src/kernel/cs_main.cpp

src/kernel/cs_main.h

src/kernel/disconnected_transactions.cpp

src/kernel/disconnected_transactions.h

src/kernel/mempool_removal_reason.cpp

src/kernel/mempool_removal_reason.h

src/kernel/coinstats.cpp

src/kernel/coinstats.h

src/kernel/chainparams.cpp

src/kernel/chainparams.h

src/wallet/sqlite.cpp

src/wallet/sqlite.h

src/wallet/transaction.cpp

src/wallet/transaction.h

src/wallet/dump.cpp

src/wallet/dump.h

src/wallet/init.cpp

src/wallet/walletutil.cpp

src/wallet/walletutil.h

src/wallet/wallettool.cpp

src/wallet/wallettool.h

src/wallet/export.h

src/wallet/migrate.cpp

src/wallet/migrate.h

src/wallet/db.h

src/wallet/walletdb.cpp

src/wallet/interfaces.cpp

src/wallet/scriptpubkeyman.cpp

src/wallet/scriptpubkeyman.h

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel.cpp

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel.h

src/kernel/bitcoinkernel_wrapper.h

src/node/abort.cpp

src/node/abort.h

src/node/caches.cpp

src/node/caches.h

src/kernel/caches.h

src/node/chainstate.cpp

src/node/chainstate.h

src/node/blockstorage.cpp

src/node/blockstorage.h

src/node/mempool_persist.cpp

src/node/mempool_persist.h

src/node/utxo_snapshot.cpp

src/node/utxo_snapshot.h

src/node/kernel_notifications.cpp

src/node/kernel_notifications.h

src/node/blockmanager_args.cpp

src/kernel/blockmanager_opts.h

src/util/expected.cpp

src/policy/settings.h

src/util/types.h

src/kernel/messagestartchars.h

src/kernel/warning.h

src/util/exception.h

src/common/license_info.h

src/node/coins_view_args.h

src/node/database_args.h

src/util/batchpriority.h

src/util/ui_change_type.h

src/node/coins_view_args.cpp

src/node/peerman_args.h

src/util/serfloat.h

src/node/blockmanager_args.h

src/node/database_args.cpp

src/util/overloaded.h

src/util/rbf.cpp

src/util/thread.h

src/common/netif.h

src/common/url.h

src/interfaces/types.h

src/node/chainstatemanager_args.h

src/node/minisketchwrapper.h

src/util/macros.h

src/util/syserror.h

src/common/run_command.h

src/util/bytevectorhash.cpp

src/node/mempool_persist_args.cpp

src/util/exec.h

src/crypto/hex_base.h

src/node/mempool_persist_args.h

src/interfaces/echo.h

src/util/batchpriority.cpp

src/util/threadnames.h

src/node/coin.h

src/node/mempool_args.h

src/util/asmap.h

src/util/bytevectorhash.h

src/node/context.cpp

src/util/insert.h

src/util/readwritefile.h

src/util/thread.cpp

src/kernel/types.h

src/interfaces/rpc.h

src/util/fees.cpp

src/node/peerman_args.cpp

src/node/interface_ui.cpp

src/interfaces/handler.h

src/node/mining_args.h

src/util/hasher.cpp

src/common/init.h

src/kernel/mempool_limits.h

src/common/system.h

src/crypto/sha3.h

src/util/threadinterrupt.cpp

src/node/protocol_version.h

src/util/exception.cpp

src/common/messages.h

src/node/connection_types.cpp

src/util/bip32.h

src/common/license_info.cpp

src/util/stdmutex.h

src/common/run_command.cpp

src/util/check.cpp

src/util/golombrice.h

src/node/types.h

src/node/timeoffsets.h

src/util/readwritefile.cpp

src/util/fastrange.h

src/util/signalinterrupt.h

src/util/task_runner.h

src/util/syserror.cpp

src/common/interfaces.cpp

src/common/types.h

src/util/threadinterrupt.h

src/kernel/chainstatemanager_opts.h

src/node/psbt.h

src/policy/ephemeral_policy.h

src/util/trace.h

src/common/url.cpp

src/kernel/mempool_options.h

src/util/serfloat.cpp

src/kernel/notifications_interface.h

src/node/timeoffsets.cpp

src/node/warnings.cpp

src/util/hash_type.h

src/crypto/hex_base.cpp

src/node/eviction.h

src/util/tokenbucket.h

src/crypto/aes.h

src/common/pcp.h

src/util/feefrac.cpp

src/node/transaction.h

src/util/threadnames.cpp

src/common/signmessage.h

src/util/exec.cpp

src/util/signalinterrupt.cpp

src/attributes.h

src/chainparams.h

src/clientversion.cpp

src/common/signmessage.cpp

src/compat/assumptions.h

src/compat/byteswap.h

src/compat/cpuid.h

src/compat/endian.h

src/compat/stdin.cpp

src/compat/stdin.h

src/core_memusage.h

src/crypto/common.h

src/deploymentinfo.cpp

src/deploymentinfo.h

src/deploymentstatus.cpp

src/deploymentstatus.h

src/dummywallet.cpp

src/external_signer.h

src/indirectmap.h

src/init/basic.cpp

src/init/bitcoin-gui.cpp

src/init/bitcoin-node.cpp

src/init/bitcoin-qt.cpp

src/init/bitcoin-wallet.cpp

src/init/bitcoind.cpp

src/init/common.h

src/interfaces/init.h

src/interfaces/ipc.h

src/logging/categories.h

src/logging/timer.h

src/net_permissions.h

src/netmessagemaker.h

src/node/chainstatemanager_args.cpp

src/node/connection_types.h

src/node/context.h

src/node/interface_ui.h

src/node/mempool_args.cpp

src/node/mining_args.cpp

src/node/minisketchwrapper.cpp

src/node/txreconciliation.h

src/node/warnings.h

src/outputtype.cpp

src/outputtype.h

src/policy/fees/estimator_args.cpp

src/policy/fees/estimator_args.h

src/policy/fees/estimator_man.cpp

src/policy/fees/estimator_man.h

src/policy/packages.h

src/policy/rbf.h

src/policy/truc_policy.h

src/primitives/block.cpp

src/randomenv.h

src/script/keyorigin.h

src/script/parsing.cpp

src/script/parsing.h

src/script/script_error.h

src/script/sigcache.cpp

src/script/sigcache.h

src/script/solver.h

src/script/verify_flags.h

src/semaphore_grant.h

src/support/allocators/secure.h

src/support/allocators/zeroafterfree.h

src/uint256.cpp

src/util/bip32.cpp

src/util/fees.h

src/util/fs.cpp

src/util/result.h

src/util/string.cpp

src/util/tokenpipe.cpp

src/util/translation.h

src/util/vector.h

src/versionbits.h

src/versionbits_impl.h

src/wallet/external_signer_scriptpubkeyman.h

src/wallet/fees.h

src/wallet/load.h

src/wallet/receive.h

src/wallet/rpc/wallet.h

src/wallet/types.h

src/walletinitinterface.h

src/zmq/zmqabstractnotifier.cpp

Independent explanations by MyBitcoinExplorer. Not affiliated with or endorsed by Bitcoin Core. Guides are educational and do not replace the source or its tests.

Bitcoin Core source © its contributors, distributed under the MIT license. Original notices and bundled third-party licenses are retained in the source tree.